career and job

Rabu, 11 Agustus 2010

How to Find a Low-Stress Job

by Larry Buhl, for Yahoo! HotJobs


Chronic job stress, which the World Health Organization has called a "worldwide epidemic," is not the occasional aggravation of a dysfunctional copier or an annoying coworker. It's the energy-draining, psyche-straining, day-to-day mental grind that results in accidents, insomnia, irritability, fatigue, and overall lower quality of life.

But work doesn't have to stress you out. There are dozens of low-stress jobs available across a wide variety of fields, according to Laurence Shatkin, career information expert and author of "150 Best Low-Stress Jobs." And the vast majority of those jobs have good growth potential and good wages as well, Shatkin tells Yahoo! HotJobs.

Best Low-Stress Job for You?

Reaction to stressors is idiosyncratic. Some find the pressure of exactitude debilitating, others thrive on it. Some can't handle conflict, while others take arguments in stride.

Hate time pressure? Archivists, who plan and oversee the arrangement of exhibitions, have a more leisurely pace of work than many other professions. Average annual earnings of archivists were nearly $41,000, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).

Prefer a short workweek? Massage therapists and fitness trainers work fewer hours per week than any other professionals. These fields are growing fast as well, although the pay is less than many other fields; and many positions are contract, without benefits (which some people could find stressful).

Don't want to look over your shoulder? Environmental scientists enjoy lower competition than many other fields. The career also offers an enviable 25% job growth rate and an average salary of $56,000, according to the most recent BLS data.

Want freedom from the bottom line? Mathematicians and sociologists -- average salaries, $87,000 and $60,000, respectively -- have to worry less about the impact their decisions have on company results.

Run from unpleasant people? You may be more comfortable working with plans (marine engineers, average earnings $73,000) or theories (physicists, average earnings $94,000).

To choose a low-stress job or career, it's important to consider what you can and can't abide, according to Andrea Moselle, senior manager of work/life at AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals. "Any job can be stressful or not, depending on how you view it."

De-Stress Your Current Job

Not everyone can find a great low-stress job quickly. If you're at wits end now, there are several ways to take the edge off your work situation:

Look at your own attitudes. While it might seem like the job itself is the culprit, experts suggest changing your attitudes and the way you adapt, or don't adapt, to job stressors. "If you're confident in yourself and positive about the world and open to new solutions, you'll find it easier to be resilient to stressful situations," Moselle says.

Gain control. Psychologists agree that when people experience less stress, they have some degree of over their environment. Even if it's something as simple as organizing your messy desk at the end of the day, or making a list of tasks, you'll not only clear up the mental clutter, but gain a sense of mastery and control over your job.

Get physical. Physical occupations such as massage therapist are considered low stress, Shatkin says, largely because it's harder to build up stress-generated adrenalin when you're moving around.

What if you have a sedentary job? After a contentious meeting, make time to walk around the block or around the building. Go beyond the stress ball and move your whole body, even if it's for a minute or two. Not only will you experience a decrease in stress-releasing chemicals like cortisol, you may get a fitness boost as well.

Track your accomplishments. A common denominator of many low-stress jobs is tangible results. Construction is considered a lower stress job in many ways because workers clearly see the fruits of their labors. If, like many, you have a job without a clear tangible output, Shatkin suggests keeping a tally that indicates what you've accomplished, or positive testimonial letters or emails from colleagues and customers.

"Besides adding to a sense of accomplishment, all of these documents can be useful at performance-appraisal time or for assembling a portfolio when job-seeking," he says.

Join an employee network. Groups that help employees who care for children or elderly parents, for example, are thriving in many companies. "These networks are a great way to find support and networking and mentoring help, as well as finding the tools to take some of the stress away on the job and off the job," Moselle says.

Make your needs known. Most companies have some feedback mechanisms for letting employees vent constructively. Whether you need child care services, flex time, fewer interruptions in your schedule, or a change in workflow patterns, Moselle suggests taking advantage of all opportunities to share ways of reducing your stress.


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5 Reasons to Run from a Job Opportunity

by Liz Ryan


The job market is daunting, and it's easy for job seekers to get sucked into the vortex of a recruiting process that could only lead to a bad job offer. Maybe the leadership is inept, unethical, or both. Maybe the working conditions are ghastly. Maybe it's the kind of place where employees are mistreated so routinely that only the most self-esteem-challenged people can get through the day without quitting in disgust. In the worst case, you'd start out hating the job--and end up hating yourself for working there.

Don't fall into the pit! Check out our list of these reasons to run from a job opportunity:


"We are the deciders, and you are dogmeat."
If the interview process is so them-focused that you don't get to ask any questions of your own, beware. Employers who broadcast "the point of this conversation is strictly to decide whether you meet our standards" aren't worth your talents.

"No, we can't tell you that."
If you ask for a copy of the employee handbook--or the sales compensation plan or some other document would govern your employment relationship--it should be handed to you at once. If they stall and make it difficult for you to get what you're after (or refuse your request entirely), that's your cue to bolt. Ask yourself, "If they won't let me read the documents that will dictate the terms of my employment here, what are they trying to hide?"

"I'm sorry; everyone on the team is busy."
If you're interviewing for a purchasing job, you should be able to speak to a vendor or two during the process. If you're looking at a sales job, you should have the opportunity to speak with a few customers. For any job, you should meet some of your prospective team members before accepting a job offer. If the employer won't let you talk with the people who are doing the job now, that's a huge red flag. Do they have them locked up in cages, or what?

"We'll need proof of your salary."
As a corporate HR person, I gauged a candidate's salary level by talking with him or her and by understanding current salary levels in the market. That's what competent HR folks and hiring managers do. If a company asks you to submit proof of your past salary in the form of a W-2, get out of Dodge. Who cares what some other employer paid you? It's not relevant, and it's your personal financial info. Tell them to take a hike.

"Where is the love?"
When you're swirling around in the vortex, your judgment is impaired. It's easy to think, "They like me! At last, an employer likes me!"--and forget to listen to your sturdy gut. When a company is preparing to make you an offer, you should feel the love. If they don't love you then, believe me, they never will. If they're not returning your calls, if they leave you sitting for weeks in radio silence, or if they meet your attempt at salary-and-benefits negotiation with a stony "take it or leave it" attitude, run away. Don't feel bad if you do--you've dodged a bullet. Better to stay unemployed a bit longer than to go to work for the Red Queen or Dr. Evil.

Liz Ryan is a 25-year HR veteran, a former Fortune 500 VP, and an internationally recognized expert on careers and the new-millennium workplace. Connect with her at www.asklizryan.com. (The opinions expressed in this column are solely the author's.)


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Do You Dare Ask for a Raise in This Economy?

by Molly Hallman, PayScale.com


So, you think you deserve a little more money for your hard day's work?

Maybe your role in a project caused a mini-celebration at a company that otherwise is sharing in the general gloom of the world economy. Forty percent of U.S. companies have announced a freeze on pay raises this year, according to a recent Reuters article. You, however, want more money. But do you dare ask for a raise now, in a waning economy?

Here are 10 things to consider:

1) Performance. "Offer specific examples of your overall performance. Think 'made, saved and achieved.' Ask yourself what you have done for your company that will put an extra value on you," says Glenn Dubiel, vice president of the Mergis Group. Prepare well in advance and be equipped with how your performance has helped the company and how you plan to do so again in the future.

2) Pay. Knowing how your salary stacks up to others can help you decide if a raise is warranted and timely. Compare your pay rate with those of your peers using the tools at salary websites, like PayScale.com. PayScale.com lets you look up the salary ranges by job title, experience level, and geographic area.

3) Skill level. Are your skills superior to others in the same line of work? Have you exceeded expectations through initiative or problem solving? Are your actual skills what set you apart, or are you just in the right place at the right time? "Employers don't pay for luck very often," says Ron Price, CEO of Price Associates.

4) Reputation. Take time to assess how you're viewed by your peers. Are you the most talented software engineer, the best sales person, the most creative producer? Do you cooperate with coworkers to get things done? Are you absolutely solid on basics like professional appearance, attendance, and diligence at work?

5) Occupation. In general, expectations for salaries across the board are flat. A few, though, are growing. "Two jobs with very strong pay growth over the last two years, and still good over the last six months, are pharmacist and physical therapist," says Al Lee, director of quantitative analysis at PayScale.com. Other jobs command a greater salary depending on years of experience. This is especially true for software developers and IT managers.

6) Company climate. Has your company just announced layoffs, salary freezes, or wage cuts? If so, this does not necessarily mean you shouldn't ask for a raise. You do, however, have to proceed with caution. "If you can't demonstrate how your performance improves cash flow or will strengthen your company's position in the immediate term, forget it," says Stefanie Smith, executive consultant-coach at Statex Consulting.

7) Timing. Most experts agree, the best time to ask for more dough is after you feel your performance has really stood out. If you have just completed something spectacular, this might be the perfect time to ask for a raise. If your performance has been good, but not the absolute talk of the halls, consider waiting for your performance review period. In the meantime, Price suggests having a conversation with your boss with the following talking points:

What is the most significant contribution you want me to make to our team's, department's, or the company's success?
How do you think I am doing regarding this?
What could I do better?
What new skills or disciplines would you like me to work on?
What guidelines, philosophies, or parameters do you use in determining my compensation?
How would you like me to prepare for our discussion about my compensation going forward?
Is there anything else that would be helpful for me to know or to prepare prior to my performance review?


8) Popping the question. Be sure to equip yourself with your performance highlights written down and fully prepare by doing the homework outlined in items 1 through 7. "Focus on selling yourself and your value, not on begging," says Dubiel. He also suggests presenting your case in a humble manner and rehearsing several times before you actually have the conversation.

9) Alternatives to raises. "Be willing to temporarily take responsibility without money; sooner or later the compensations will come and this will show career progression. In other words, if you can't get the raise, go for the title," says Dubiel. Other options include asking for a one-time bonus or a reinstatement of a cut benefit such as 401(k) matching.

10) What to avoid. Don't act entitled or adversarial. "Don't threaten to leave -- if you decide this is a necessary step to take, do it without threats so that you control when and how you go," says Price. Also, skip any reference to seniority or financial need. This will divert attention from the only leverage you have -- your performance.


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4 Secrets to Maximizing Your Salary

by Lila Daniels, FindtheRightSchool.com


Want to know the secret to maxing out your salary? Sometimes, it's as simple as picking the right industry or knowing which state pays the best. If you're not willing to settle with being average, here are four salary secrets you can take to the bank.

Secret #1: Geography

Teaching is teaching, right? Typical basic credentials for a public school teacher are a bachelor's degree from a teaching program and state certification. From Springfield, Illinois, to Spartanburg, South Carolina, the job is essentially the same. So, would you be surprised that where you teach can make as much as a $30,000 difference in what you make?

Here's your first lesson in maximizing your salary. High school teachers in the top-paying state of Illinois make an annual mean wage of $69,830, according to May 2008 data from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). Teachers in nearby Iowa, meanwhile, make $39,150 annually. This gap is true for elementary education, too. Rhode Island's mean annual salary for elementary school teachers is $66,790, while North Carolina's elementary school teachers earn a mean annual salary of $41,610.

Want to know which states top the pay list? In addition to Rhode Island and Illinois, here are your best bets:

* New York
* Connecticut
* California
* New Jersey

To find out where your state ranks, log on to the BLS website. If your pay lands on the low end of the spectrum, you're not stuck. Many states have reciprocal agreements -- meaning your teaching certification might move with you. Otherwise, find out what it takes to get certified in your target state.

Secret #2: Management

If you want a real jump in salary, making your way up to management is a tried-and-true solution. Just look at the numbers.

With a bachelor's degree in engineering, the average engineer starts at an annual salary in the $50K range for most specialties, according to 2007 BLS statistics. Now, tack an MBA. or master's in engineering on to additional job experience, and what do you get? On average, engineering managers earn over two times more than the entry-level professionals they manage. Recent data show that mean salaries are $120,580, and the top 25 percent earn over $140,000.

Want to know another benefit? Some employers will pick up at least part of the tab when you head back to school.

It's not just the MBA that brings the management salary bump. The pattern holds true for degrees in a variety of fields. For instance, the average medical records technician has an associate's degree and earns around $30,000. A medical information manager generally holds a bachelor's degree in a relevant field such as health informatics. These managers earn a mean salary of $88,750, and the top 10 percent make $137,800.

Secret #3: Industry

Training and development specialists always have something they can teach us. In examining their salaries, we uncover the next secret: Find the top-paying industry in your profession.

So, what is the top-paying industry for trainers? Surprisingly, it's the performing arts. Training and development specialists in this field earned mean salaries of $120,460 in the most recently reported figures. That's way above the $54,830 mean salary for the profession as a whole. Don't have a flair for the dramatic? The federal government and energy sector are other top-paying options.

To make the best use of this salary secret, you should target your industry while you are still in school. For instance, if you're earning a human resources degree in training and are aiming for a top-paying industry when you graduate, incorporate course work or extracurricular activities that show your interest. You'll not only impress your potential employers, you'll also gain a far greater understanding of the work being done in your chosen field. Search for internships within the industry you've set your sights on. If one doesn't exist, create it yourself through networking. Few companies turn down "free" help.

Secret #4: Hourly Wage

Sometimes the secret to a higher salary is not getting a salary at all. Jobs at the top of the hourly-wage scale can offer the same benefits as a salaried job with the added enticement of "time-and-a-half" for overtime and double time on holidays. Another draw is that many of these well-paying gigs require an associate's degree or certification rather than a bachelor's degree.

Here are a few to consider, along with their mean wages:

* Dental hygienists: $32.19 an hour, equivalent to $66,950 annually
* Electricians: $23.98 an hour, or $49,890 annually
* Court reporters: $24.98 an hour, or $51,960 annually
* Graphic designers: $22.48 an hour, or $46,750 annually

Timing Can Help

The time to negotiate your pay is before you accept the offer. In a troubled economy, many job seekers are afraid to ask for more, but it never hurts to make an informed case. Knowing these secrets and doing your research beforehand mean you can plan ahead, choosing your education and field carefully. This way, you might be well on your path to maximizing your pay before you even reach the negotiating table.


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Should You Keep Your Salary a Secret?

by Caroline M.L. Potter, Yahoo! HotJobs


You share a lot with your coworkers over time: Projects. Lunches. Office space. Cocktails. Family photos. Birthday cake. But, even after many years of working together, should you share the details of your salary and compensation package?

No, says compensation expert Dick Dauphinais of Strategic Compensation Partners. "We all know employees talk, and things can never remain totally confidential," he says. "But an outright exchange of salary details probably isn't the best idea."

Keep It Secret, Keep It Safe

When companies have different employees on the same job and one of them is paid differently, many unfairness issues surface. "It can happen in any 'open shop' that differentiates pay for any reason (seniority, performance, etc.)," says Dauphinais. You could run the risk of alienating valued colleagues if they learn you earn more for what they perceive to be the same job.

Dauphinais, who has more than 30 years of human resources experience specializing in both the compensation and benefit areas, instead urges organizations to focus on structure. "I am a big fan of sharing the compensation 'structure' and all the components that dictate how employees progress through that structure with staff members."

Democracy Doesn't Always Work at Work

There are organizations that openly share compensation information around the office. However, warns Dauphinais, "Unless all similar jobs pay the same rate, I would advise that open salary concepts don't work well."

The confidential nature of your salary, in fact, can be a greater benefit to you. "It creates an opportunity for a manager to have a confidential discussion with employees as to why they are being paid what they are -- and how they can work toward making more money," he says. "Each employee can then move forward with confidence that they have 'bonded' with their supervisor on their individual issues -- good and bad -- without involving others in the process."

Don't Let Under-Compensation Undermine You

If you learn that someone who holds a similar position earns a bigger paycheck, don't panic. First, do some due diligence to determine if you are being underpaid in general. Use the Yahoo! HotJobs salary calculator, and also reach out to your out-of-office network to find out how people at other companies are being compensated.

Next, says Dauphinais, "I would go to my boss and ask the reasons why." Open a rational dialogue to understand what skills or experience you'll need to improve your performance -- and earn more recognition and financial rewards.

Get new-job alerts from Yahoo! HotJobs on Twitter by selecting to follow the appropriate account here: http://twitter.com/yahoohotjobs/following. Choose the "list" view, and select to follow accounts based on relevant metros/industries.


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No Raise? Aim for Perks

by Larry Buhl, for Yahoo! HotJobs


If your job performance has met or even exceeded expectations, you can expect a decent pay increase, just like last year, right?

Maybe not. With signs of slowing job growth, employers may think twice about doling out generous bonuses -- or even handing over slightly-less-than-stingy merit increases, according to Steven Gross, a senior human resources consultant at Mercer, a global provider of investment and outsourcing services.

"Recession is still more fear than reality at the moment, but even that fear still makes it harder to demand more money," Gross told Yahoo! HotJobs.

Flexibility Pays Off

Even if you think you're likely to get that increase, it doesn't hurt to consider whether perquisites -- like better opportunities for career advancement, or improved work-life balance -- are more important than the cash. For many people, they are worth their weight in gold.

In a 2006 survey of 10,000 U.S. workers, human resources consulting firm Hudson found that slightly less than half considered money their biggest consideration. Others valued perquisites such as healthcare benefits, better retirement benefits, and a better work-life balance over extra pay.

Health and retirement benefits are usually not negotiable after you've got the job, although it doesn't hurt to ask. Other perquisites are routinely given, in addition to, or in lieu of, pay increases. These include:

* Extra vacation days
* Training
* Telecommuting
* Reimbursement for commuting expenses
* Flexible scheduling
* Sabbaticals


4 Negotiation Tips

Once you've decided what you really value, you need to know how and when to ask for it. A few tips:

Be honest. "If money is most important to you, speak up," said Robert Morgan, co-president of recruitment and talent management at Hudson. "If you can't get the money you want, then ask for other things that don't cost the company anything."

Be realistic. If you are a cop, a firefighter, or a nurse, it's not likely you could do your job at home. But if you're an IT professional, telecommuting makes sense for you and the company. Likewise, if you're an accountant who wants an MBA, your company isn't likely to pay for it. However, you can make a case that coughing up dough for one management class is a win-win.

Don't wait to ask. "With career development, you should have ongoing conversations with your supervisor about where you want to go and how to get there, so that your needs are not a surprise at review time," Morgan said. Gross added that, in terms of work-life balance, it's crucial to ask for what you need, such as time off to care for an ailing family member, as soon as the issue arises.

Have a flexible plan. Gross explained that flexibility will make you look good, and can even work out to your benefit. "If career advancement is important to you, there may be some lateral moves that would work out for you and the company. You could even consider volunteering to take an assignment that you wouldn't ordinarily consider if it will get you to your goal."

The bottom line: As long as you're asking for something that doesn't cost a lot and won't disrupt business, you stand a good chance of getting it.

"Companies want to keep their best people, even in a time of slow job growth," said Gross. "So ask for what you want. If you don't ask, you won't receive."



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The Savvy Networker Three Unnecessary Job-Search Worries

by Liz Ryan


There are plenty of reasonable things for a job seeker to stress about, from the availability of suitable jobs to the cost of COBRA. Even after a job offer is accepted, a job seeker may wonder, "Will I like my new boss and coworkers?" or "Will the commute kill me?"

Life is full of unknowns, and job hunters face more unknowns than their non-job-hunting peers.

But every day I talk with job seekers who are losing sleep needlessly by worrying about things that don't merit concern.

So here are three things you no longer have to worry about:

I'm missing one or two of the job ad's "required" qualifications. Should I even bother applying?
The standard job spec includes qualifications that no living person possesses. I wouldn't be the slightest bit surprised to open a job spec one day and see that it calls for someone who speaks ancient Greek, tap dances, and can walk through walls. If you're missing a couple of the listed job requirements (not a JD or an MD, of course--but, for example, familiarity with a certain software program or a few years of a specific type of experience), go ahead and apply for the job anyway.

Employers need smart and capable people; their must-have "wish lists" are often based more on pipe-dreamy thinking than on a realistic assessment of the talent marketplace.

I'm coming back from an employment gap. My resume shows that I haven't worked in over a year. Is that gap on my resume going to kill my chances for a job?
The key to handling an employment gap on your resume is to address it and pre-emptively answer the hiring manager's mental question: "What happened to this person between May 2009 and now?" In your resume's summary, include a sentence that says something like "Returning to the workforce after taking time off to care for an ailing relative, I'm excited to get a busy office in top shape as its Office Manager."

As long as the hiring manager understands why you stepped off the conveyor belt, an employment gap shouldn't give him or her pause.

My last salary was an insult. As soon as I type my last salary into an online application, I fear the employer is going to see me as unqualified because I worked for so little money.
Don't ever give out your last salary. In the spot on an employment application where you're asked to type in your salary for each past job, type in your current salary requirement instead. If that's $40K, then type "$40K" into the "Salary" line for every job you've ever held, going back to flipping burgers in high school. Then, in the first open comment box you see, type these words: "All salary figures reported in this form reflect my current salary target."

All an employer really needs to know is that your salary target is in the ballpark of what they're planning to pay. As long as you give them that information, you're good to go.

Don't let tiny job-search worries stress you out. Keep up your energy by remembering how you've helped your employers and their clients in the past, and get out there to do it again!

Liz Ryan is a 25-year HR veteran, a former Fortune 500 VP, and an internationally recognized expert on careers and the new-millennium workplace. Connect with her at www.asklizryan.com. The opinions expressed in this column are the author's.)

hotjobs.yahoo.com


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Staying on Track to Get Your Bonus

by Margaret Steen, for Yahoo! HotJobs


Bonus time has come and gone, and yours wasn't as large as you were hoping (if you even got one). Where did you go wrong -- and what can you do now to make sure that next year you get a healthy bonus check?

You first need to make sure you understand how your bonus was determined. Often, individual bonuses are based on a combination of the company's performance and the individual's performance.

What Goes Into a Bonus

The company performance part of the calculation "isn't usually all or nothing," says Laurie Bienstock, practice leader for strategic rewards at Watson Wyatt Worldwide, a human resources consulting firm. Generally, the company has to meet a certain financial threshold before it will pay any bonuses at all. After that, it scales up to 100 percent of the planned bonus money -- or even more, if the company does exceptionally well.

At many companies, individual performance also comes into play at bonus time. Sometimes individuals' bonuses are tied to the overall rating they receive in their performance evaluation; other times, they're based on whether the worker accomplished a specific list of goals.

Keep Your Boss in the Loop

When it comes to bonuses, communication with your boss becomes critical.

"If the bonus is directly tied to your performance rating, make sure you understand what you need to do to either meet or exceed expectations," Bienstock says.

If the bonus is based on a list of goals, then you need to be certain you understand from your boss what those goals are -- and how success will be measured.

"When you have that conversation with your boss and you walk away and you think this is what you're supposed to do, write it down and send it to your boss and say, 'This is what I heard, is this correct?'" says Jan Schmuckler, an organizational psychologist.

Measures Throughout the Year

It's equally important to keep talking with your boss during the year about how you're progressing so there are no surprises when you open your bonus check.

One of the most confusing parts of performance-based bonuses is what happens when you can't meet one of your goals due to circumstances beyond your control. Perhaps a project is canceled or delayed; maybe you move to a new job with new responsibilities. It's very important to talk to your boss when this happens. Can you replace some of your old goals with new ones? Don't make assumptions about how your boss will handle it -- and don't wait until the end of the year.

Not a Solo Performance

You may find it frustrating to have part of your pay tied to your performance evaluation or to how well the company does. But this is the way of the future. A recent survey of employers by Watson Wyatt found that 22 percent of U.S. companies had increased the amount employees could receive in bonuses, and 10 percent had made performance-based pay available to more workers.

"Companies are also raising the bar on how hard it is to achieve those," Bienstock says. Almost half increased the company's financial goals that are tied to paying bonuses, and more than one-third increased individual performance expectations.

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